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The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is a multidimensional statistical tool used to describe the state of countries’ hunger situation. The GHI measures progress and failures in the global fight against hunger. The GHI is updated once a year. The Index was adopted and further developed by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), and was first published in 2006 with the Welthungerhilfe, a German non-profit organization (NGO). Since 2007, the Irish NGO Concern Worldwide joined the group as co-publisher.〔IFPRI/ Welthungerhilfe: (The Challenge of Hunger − Global Hunger Index: Facts, determinants, and trends. Case studies of post conflict countries of Afghanistan and Sierra Leone ). Bonn, October 2006.〕〔IFPRI/ Concern/ Welthungerhilfe: (The Challenge of Hunger 2007 − Global Hunger Index: Facts, determinants, and trends 2007 ). Measures being taken to reduce acute undernourishment and chronic hunger. Bonn, October 2007.〕〔IFPRI/ Concern/ Welthungerhilfe: (Global Hunger Index − The Challenge of Hunger 2008 ). Bonn, Washington D.C., Dublin. October 2008.〕〔IFPRI/ Concern/ Welthungerhilfe: (2009 Global Hunger Index − The Challenge of Hunger: Focus on Financial Crisis and Gender Inequality ). Bonn, Washington D. C., Dublin. October 2009.〕〔IFPRI/ Concern/ Welthungerhilfe: ( 2010 Global Hunger Index The challenge of hunger: Focus on the crisis of child undernutrition ). Bonn, Washington D. C., Dublin. October 2011.〕〔IFPRI/ Concern/ Welthungerhilfe: ( 2011 Global Hunger Index - The challenge of hunger: Taming Price Spikes and Excessive Food Price Volatility ). Bonn, Washington D. C., Dublin. October 2011.〕〔IFPRI/ Concern/ Welthungerhilfe: ( 2012 Global Hunger Index - The challenge of hunger: Ensuring sustainable food security under land, water, and energy stresses ). Bonn, Washington D. C., Dublin. October 2012.〕〔Welthungerhilfe, IFPRI, and Concern Worldwide: (2013 Global Hunger Index - The challenge of hunger: Building Resilience to Achieve Food and Nutrition Security ). Bonn, Washington D. C., Dublin. October 2013.〕〔Welthungerhilfe, IFPRI, and Concern Worldwide: (2014 Global Hunger Index - The challenge of hidden hunger ). Bonn, Washington D. C., Dublin. October 2014.〕〔K. von Grebmer, J. Bernstein, A. de Waal, N. Prasai, S. Yin, Y. Yohannes: (2015 Global Hunger Index - Armed Conflict and the Challenge of Hunger ). Bonn, Washington D. C., Dublin: Welthungerhilfe, IFPRI, and Concern Worldwide. October 2015.〕 The 2015 GHI was calculated for 117 developing countries and countries in transition, 80 of which with alarming or serious hunger levels.〔Welthungerhilfe, IFPRI, and Concern Worldwide. 2015. (http://www.ifpri.org/cdmref/p15738coll2/id/129682/filename/129893.pdf 2015 Global Hunger Index: Synopsis ). Issue Brief No. 88. Washington, DC. October 2015〕 In addition to the ranking, the Global Hunger Index report every year focuses on a main topic: in 2015 the thematic focus was on armed conflict and its relation to hunger.〔 Topics of previous years included: * Early childhood undernutrition among children younger than the age of two (2010).〔International Food Policy Institute. 2010. (2010 Global Hunger Index ). Issue Brief No. 65. Washington, DC〕 * Rising and more volatile food prices of the recent years and the effects these changes have on hunger and malnutrition in 2011.〔IFPRI/ Welthungerhilfe/ Concern. 2011. (2011 Global Hunger Index ). Issue Brief No. 69. Washington, DC〕 * In 2012: Achieving food security and sustainable use of natural resources, when the natural sources of food become increasingly scarcer.〔IFPRI/ Welthungerhilfe/ Concern. 2012. (2012 Global Hunger Index ). Issue Brief No. 70. Washington, DC〕 * In 2013, the thematic focus was on the strengthening of resilience at the community level against under- and malnutrition.〔Welthungerhilfe, IFPRI, and Concern Worldwide. 2013. (2013 Global Hunger Index ). Issue Brief No. 79. Washington, DC〕 * In 2014, the thematic focus was on hidden hunger, a form of undernutrition characterized by micronutrient deficiencies.〔Welthungerhilfe, IFPRI, and Concern Worldwide. 2014. (2014 Global Hunger Index ). Issue Brief No. 83. Washington, DC〕 In addition to the yearly GHI, the Hunger Index for the States of India (ISHI) was published in 2008〔Menon, Purnima / Deolalikar, Anil / Bhaskar, Anjor: (India State Hunger Index (2009): Comparison of Hunger Across States )〕 and the Sub-National Hunger Index for Ethiopia was published in 2009.〔Schmidt, Emily / Dorosh, Paul (October 2009): (A Sub-National Index for Ethiopia: Assessing Progress in Region-Level Outcomes ). International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI): ESSP-II Discussion Paper 5〕 An (interactive map ) allows users to visualize the data for different years and zoom into specific regions or countries. == Calculation of the Index== The Index ranks countries on a 100-point scale, with 0 being the best score (no hunger) and 100 being the worst, although neither of these extremes is reached in practice. Values less than 10.0 reflect low hunger, values from 10.0 to 19.9 reflect moderate hunger, values from 20.0 to 34.9 indicate serious hunger, values from 35.0 to 49.9 reflect alarming hunger, and values of 50.0 or more reflect extremely alarming hunger levels.〔 The GHI combines 4 component indicators: 1) the proportion of the undernourished as a percentage of the population; 2) the proportion of children under the age of five suffering from wasting; 3) the proportion of children under the age of five suffering from stunting; 3) the mortality rate of children under the age of five.〔(Chapter 1: The Concept of the Global Hunger Index )〕 The data and projections used for the 2015 GHI are for the period from 2010 and 2016—the most recent available data for the four components of the GHI. The data on the proportion of undernourished come from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) and include authors' estimates.〔FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2015. Food Security Indicators (Updated May 27, 2015). (). Rome.〕 Data on child wasting and stunting are collected from UNICEF, the World Health Organization, the World Bank, WHO, (MEASURE DHS ), the Indian Ministry of Women and Child Development, and also include the authors’ own estimates.〔(Chapter 1: The Concept of the Global Hunger Index )〕 Data on child mortality are from the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation.〔IGME (Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation). 2014. Child Mortality Estimates Info, Under-five Mortality Estimates. (Updated September 16, 2014). ().〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Global Hunger Index」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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